Leo’s Heaven

Our country is a multi-ethnic, multilingual and multilingual country, there are a total of 56 ethnic groups, 80 or more languages, approximately 30 written languages.
　　Chinese is the largest number of China’s use of language, is to use the largest number of language, is the work of the six official United Nations languages.Chinese is in favor of Han nationality in China, removing 91.59 percent of the total population of Han Chinese, some ethnic groups have to switch to, or use either Chinese.There are standard varieties of modern Chinese Mandarin, and dialects.Putonghua speech to Beijing to ,based dialect, to serving modern vernacular works for syntax specification.31 October 2000 come national General language law to determine a common language for national Putonghua.Chinese dialects are usually divided into seven dialect: Northern dialect, the Wu dialect, Xiang dialects, Gan dialects, Cantonese, Hakka dialect, min dialects.The distribution of various dialects there with several times tongue lingo tounge dialect and many kinds of.The use of the largest number of northern dialect is divided into the northern Mandarin, Northwest, Southwest Mandarin, Mandarin under four times the Yangtze River in Mandarin dialects.
　　In addition to the Han, China’s 55 minority nationalities account for about $ 8.41 of the total population of the country.In addition to the Hui, Manchu already switched to Chinese, other 53 nation has its own language, some national many people to switch to, or use either Chinese or other national languages; some ethnic groups within branches also uses a different language.
　　Putonghua is not only the language of the Chinese language, it is also in favor of the Chinese nation.

To human language of subjects.Exploration include language structure, language, social functions of language and history, and language-related problems.Traditional Chinese linguistics as to the study of ancient documents and written.Modern Linguistics is mainly contemporary language and speaking, but also greatly broadening the scope of the study.Language and literature for other subjects.Modern Linguistics is an independent subject.In the broadest sense Linguistics including language to learn.Of language in a given period, is called a synchronic Linguistics; study language in different era of change, called the diachronic linguistics or historical linguistics.For multiple languages for comprehensive studies, trying to find out the common law, called the General Linguistics.The linguistic knowledge to practical work, that applied linguistics.By using your voice and the forms of the comparison date back some languages of kinship, that historical linguistics.Comparison of methods used in different languages detected in some common phenomenon, that type of Linguistics.In order to solve the problems of teaching or translation and contrast differences and similarities between the two languages, that comparative linguistics.
　　Pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and writing these subjects are known to the world language-structure itself, is the center of Linguistics, someone calling micro-linguistics.Sounds of physical attributes, human pronounce, voice-aware physiological process is concerned with the study of a language; how many different sounds, what is the difference between them and relationships is phonology or phonology.Study of the formation of a Word and inflection in ways that lexical morphology, also known as; explore words phrases or sentences that make a sentence, also known as syntactic.The traditional syntax, morphology and learn together and make a sentence is grammar.Study of vocabulary items, lexical meaning, the evolution of words is the term Lexicology; dating back to the origin and history is etymology, gathering many words items, they are classified, comparison, note a lexicography.Of terms and concepts and the relationship between the alleged object, to reach for a variety of meanings of unfamiliar words and similarities between trick, the relationship between the top and bottom, cross, etc., analysis of the entire sentence or the significance of some of the components, this is semantics.Study on the text shapes, system, the origins, evolution and development of the science subject is.
　　In fact, the language is also part of the ecological system.It is in the nature of the type species, by diminishing the Equatorial polarized.Language is the higher, the less the latitude of the species.For example, New Guinea: approximately 860 languages.Indonesia: about 670 languages.About 380 in India.About 230 species of Europe.About 80 species in China.2 kinds of Japan.1. the Republic of Korea
　　Language teaching is the driving force of language study, it was the role of linguistic theory.Language teaching is divided into first language teaching, second language teaching and foreign language teaching.The first language teaching, what is the native language.Second language teaching in the bilingual society, teaching in the mother tongue, and another language.In foreign language teaching, students learn a foreign language.The original translation requirements in a particular language production using another words.Use the same national language, pronunciation and vocabulary and grammar format is also varies, as a result of the social status of the consumer, because communication scenarios and purpose.To examine these issues is a sociolinguistic.And socio-linguistic ties is Dialectology.Research on the subject of regional dialect called dialect geography.Stylistic approximate socio-linguistic, research under different conditions of language use stylistic differences.Stylistics study how the various style.Traditional with this approximation, including subject is rhetoric and composition method speaks louder than words.Stylistics can be described as modern rhetoric.Psycholinguistics set off from the language of psychological, language and perception, learning, memory, and so the relationship between mental function.Neurolinguistic people learning a language, use the language of the neurological basis in an attempt to make the human brain control speech and auditory simulation.Study with verbal communication in which the various subjects, so that the Deputy Linguistics, also known as adjoint linguistics.Human linguistic studies the social system, religion, occupation, kinship, and so on language habits and language on those things more or less.Only national linguistic national type, national action program and the language of the people.Mathematical Linguistics is the study of language in the nature of the subject of mathematics.Use of language, mathematical methods were originally developed statistical phoneme, morpheme, vocabulary, and so on, the number was the use of computing and use various approaches to deal with the language materials.Mathematical Linguistics now includes algebraic Linguistics, statistics and applied mathematical linguistics.Computational Linguistics to clarify how to take advantage of electronic computers for language study, whose projects have statistical information, retrieve information, research, to identify the lexical, syntactical language, synthetic speech, and computer-aided instruction program for computer-assisted translation, and so on.

Classified as a
　　The family of languages, including Euro-Asian Sino-Tibetan, Indo-European family of languages in the Pacific and Africa, including Euro-Asian languages, in addition to North and South America other than the language of the countries of the North American languages native American Indian language: North America South American family: South American indigenous languages

This classification from ethnic origin, language development and other factors, summing up the formation of the USSR, language experience
　　The language of the world system that is not made.The family of languages, is as follows:
　　Sino-Tibetan Indo-European family of languages Caucasus Altaic language family Ural dravidian language Afro-Asiatic Austronesian-speaking Austro-Asiatic languages in Nigeria-Kordofan language Nile Nilo-Saharan Division according to the family of Mulberry-speaking North American Indian

Nordic languages: 5 languages, 16 languages southern European languages: 5 languages, 16 languages of Eastern European languages: seven languages, 25 languages South and West Asia and North Africa language: three languages, Austro-Asiatic 21 languages: 5 languages, 16 languages: South-East Asian languages, 23 of the three languages of the East Asian language language: 4 languages, we have 15 different languages the vulgar language language in Australia: eight languages, additional 56 languages, seven languages, 41 new languages

A: Massachusetts Institute of technology classification according to the classification, by region
　　The family of languages in Africa: North Africa, East Africa, South African languages, West African languages ‘ original language: Asia, North Asia languages, the South Asian languages, the East Asian languages, West Asia, Central Asia ‘ original ‘ original ‘ original o the family of South-East Asia is too: Australia and the Pacific Islands countries.
　　North American family of languages: North America, including indigenous languages.
　　South American family: South America countries of languages, including indigenous languages.
　　European languages: Germanic languages, including English, German, Dutch, the primary language in Scandinavia.Latin family, including French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian, etc.Slavic languages are Russian, Bulgarian, Polish, etc.Baltic languages including Latvian and Lithuanian.

There is now general language of the world is divided into nine languages:
1) Sino-Tibetan languages.
2) Indo-European.
3), Altaic.
4) Flash - with language.
5), Uralic.
6) Iberian - Caucasian languages.
7) Malay - Polynesian languages.
Austro-Asiatic.
9) Dravidian.
In addition, there are a number of languages in Africa and the Americas, and some departments are unknown language.

The 19th century, a study on the European comparison School of the world over the past hundred languages, some of that some language pronunciation and vocabulary and grammar rules, there are some similarities, they will put these languages as akin to a class called language; as a result of families and families of other correspondence between, grouped under the heading, known as kindred languages, this is known as the relationship between rhetoric pedigree.Now, the world’s major languages have seven categories: Indo-European family of languages is the largest, India, Iran, one of the German, Latin, Cyrillic, Baltic and other languages.Indian languages including Sanskrit, Hindi, Pali, etc.Indo-Iranian including Farsi, Afghanistan language, etc.Germanic languages including English, German, Dutch, the primary language in Scandinavia.Latin family including French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian.Slavic languages are Russian, Bulgarian, Polish.Baltic languages including Latvian and Lithuanian.
　　Sino-Tibetan operates through Chinese and Tibeto-Burman, kadai and Yao and other languages, including Chinese and Tibetan, Myanmar, Lachlan, Zhuang, Miao, etymological cognate relationships, etc.
　　Altaic language family Division, East West Altaic languages. Altaic languagesThe former include sudden que langauges as well as the territory of the former Soviet Union Chuvash language, which includes the Mongolian and within the territory of the former Soviet Union Evenki language.
　　Afro-Asiatic languages is also known as Afro-Asian languages.Operates through Flash languages and languages.The former include Hebrew, Arabic, and so on, which include ancient Egypt, Hausa language, etc.
　　De la Vida language also known as the dravidian family.The language of southern India belong to this family of languages, including Bihar, Telugu, Tamil, Polish, Malaya, etc.
　　Caucasus this family language distribution in the vicinity of the Caucasus, the main language is Georgian, Chechnya, language, etc.
　　The Ural language operates through the Finnish language group and languages.The former include Finnish, Estonian, and so on, the latter including Hungarian, Spanish, etc.
　　In addition, some languages, such as Africa, Niger — Niger-Congo, Shari-Nile languages, scientific, according to San language — American Eskimo, and Aleut language, some Indian languages — Polynesia Oceania Malay language group and Micronesia family.Need to point out that some language, genealogy, does not belong to any languages such as Japanese, Korean, and so on, that is, independent of language.
　　In the past two centuries, all countries of the world’s diverse community of scholars are divided up into various languages such as language Indo-European family of languages, Ural, Africa and Asia family, a family of languages, Altai Sino-Tibetan, South Asia, the South Island languages and so on, but there are some of the language of unknown so far, such as different parts of the northern and southwestern France Spain and Spain’s Basque region, which borders, Mesopotamian use of Sumerian and so on.Well, these different language and what is the origin of the family of languages? speak the same language to residents of the community and how is the? language and whether in ancient among residents have contact with each other? the world billions of people are talking about thousands of languages do you want to share a common origin? these problems in the past is not correctly answer, we have considered scientific “closed area”.But during the past 20 years, with the molecular biology, human population genetics and the progress of archaeology, linguistics, we finally see Learn to open these “Enigma” of hope.This is the interdependence of the various science, new research methods and means of advancing the research results.
　　Indian languages (Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, playedon language and so on).
　　Indo-Iranian (Farsi, Kurdish, Afghanistan language etc.).
　　Slavic languages (Russian, Serbian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, and so on) Armenian languages (in Armenian mainly) Baltic languages (Lithuanian, Latvian and so on) of the Germanic languages (German, Danish, Swedish, Dutch, English, and so on), Latin (Roman) family of languages (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Romanian and so forth) Greek family (in Greek) kyrt languages (mainly to Irish family of languages (mainly) Albania to Albanian as the main method) has the most of the population speaks Sino-Tibetan.This language with China as the Centre, was slightly towards the Southwest radiation, and speak of population for one fourth of the world’s population, but concentrate on geographical distribution.The following is divided into four languages, that is, Chinese family and Tibeto-Burman, kadai languages, Hmong.
　　Altaic language family.For now, Russia, Kazakhstan and the Altai Mountains and Inner Mongolia, widely distributed in Asian desert and grasslands of the abdomen.Three languages, namely the Turkic languages, Mongolia, Legenda full family of languages.Some linguists, Korean, Japanese language of the majority of Chinese medicines, belong to this family.
　　Afro-Asiatic languages.Located in West Asia and North Africa region, is divided into two languages, that is, West Asia, North Africa flicker languages containing languages.
　　Bantu.Across the whole of the South of the Sahara, with thousands of black Africa regional languages, mostly tribal languages.Representativeness is Kiswahili language.
　　The South Island (Malay-Polynesia) languages.Widely distributed in South-East Asia of the Malay Peninsula and the Nations of the Indonesian archipelago, Oceania.The island of Taiwan, is one of these tribes language the Austronesian languages.
　　Other languages have the same request of Bantu Daro (India), the southern peninsula Austro-Asiatic (Indo-China peninsula South), Finland family (mainly in Finland and Hungary), the Ibero-Caucasus (Caucasus engulfed in narrow, distribution, on the impact of limited between.

　　Language of “ classification also known as the genetic classification ”, is one of the language classification.It according to the language of kinship between is divided into several languages, family and kinship under gathered is divided into a number of languages, language group is divided into several languages under, languages is under languages.
　　Relations are as follows:
　　The family of languages
　　↓
　　Languages
　　Classification according to genealogy-maximum number of languages.The origin by a common language.In the case of Sino-Tibetan, Indo-European.In the same language, according to the language of kinship between can be divided into several languages, the same languages can be further divided according to the distance from home on the relationship between languages.In the case of Indo-European divided into India, Germain, the Romans, the Slavic languages, etc.Slavic languages by East Slavic, Western Slavic, Yugoslavia, and so three languages.Due to the complexities of the world language, language the linguists is not entirely in line with a different name.