Leo’s Heaven

1. Peking University, China Classification

Peking University professor of Chinese, XU Tong-qiang, Hu Jicheng the world’s languages are classified as 13 languages, 45 languages. The 13 languages are: Sino-Tibetan languages, Indo-European, Caucasian languages, Uralic, Altaic, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, Austronesian, flash - including language, Niger - Kordofanian languages , Nile — Saharan languages, Khoisan language, North American Indian languages.

2. University of British Simon genetics Classification

(1), Europe and Asia languages, including the Sino-Tibetan languages, Indo-European languages.

(2). The Pacific Ocean and the African languages, including. In addition to European and Asian languages, South language of other countries outside North America.

(3). North American language: North America indigenous Indian language.

(4). South American language: South America, the indigenous Indian language.

3. Australia’s national standard language classification

The Nordic languages, 5 languages, 16 language branch

Southern European languages, 5 languages, 16 language branch

Eastern European language, 7 languages, 25 language branch

South-West Asia and North Africa, languages, three languages, 21 language branch

South Asian languages, 5 languages, 16 language branch

Southeast Asian languages, three languages, 23 languages

East Asian languages, 4 languages, 15 kinds of language branch

Australia dialect language, 8 languages, 56 language branch

The other language, 7 languages, 41 language branch

4. The United States Ma Sai Chau Sa Zhu Institute of Technology (MA Institute of Technology) Classification (full by region)

African Languages: languages in North Africa, South Africa, languages, the East African languages, African languages

Asian Languages: languages North Asia, South Asia languages, East Asian languages, West Asia language family, languages of Central Asia, Southeast Asia and languages

Australia is too language: Australia and the Pacific Islands countries.

Languages in North America: North America in foreign languages, including indigenous Indian language.

South America Language: South America in foreign languages, including indigenous Indian language.

European languages: Germanic languages, including English, German, Dutch, Scandinavian Peninsula, the main language. Latin family, including French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian and so on. Slavic languages are Russian, Bulgarian, Polish and so on. Baltic languages, including Latvian and Lithuanian and so on.

The classification methods have a common drawback, that is not included in the artificial international language category. In today’s world, artificial international language has been so popular today, which is really a regret.

Overseas tells us, or watch the development of domestic products.The real purpose electronic dictionary what exactly? we need electronic dictionary?

Many manufacturers have electronic dictionaries as ” can find all word books dictionary ” to former students, ” a set of textbooks   several tape   an electronic dictionary ” has really boarders “luxury “learning equipment, but as the popularity of computers, along with Repeater, learning machines, all kinds of audio-visual education facilities, TV and the development of education, etc., electronic dictionaries of learning assisted publics are becoming smaller.Many people no longer need electronic dictionaries.

However, there are those who need it.Electronic dictionaries cheap, portable, using simple, very suitable for students and charging family.This dictionary on existing products offers a new requirement, namely: not only be able to Word, or you can really help students memory words, practice listening and pronunciation, grammar exercises, practice reading aloud, mock exams, analytical articles … that is a skills improve.

Even for those of us 30-year-old man speaking, electronic dictionaries and cannot be regarded as an emerging industry.Electronic dictionaries industry also happenings walked over ten years and although it was the digital industries mature, but relative to the computers, cell phones, color TV, and so the industry had harsh competition, the Dictionary class products industries also have been regarded as calm.

Since the second half of 2002, electronic dictionaries suddenly flashed the understanding of the new brand and product rolling, promising imagery to time.But from a year’s actual situation, regardless of technology content from the product or overall market performance (and other electronic products industry in comparison), obviously, this industry declined.

Soccer, said the recent use of a short matter of concern by users, within 48 hours after release there are nearly User comments. Found in many digital enthusiasts, the “Red Cliff Soccer” video, the users did not forget to move the time of draw out a handful of celebrities electronic dictionary.

In short, the “Red Cliff football,” the use of the “Red Cliff” lens, but the complete subversion of the “Red Cliff” the role of the Central Plains and some set-up and story. Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Wu is not between the wars, but World Cup finalists. Liang Shu became the head coach of the national team because he brought the regular Soccer lost to Wei, the foreign aid to the Wu to please.

Before his departure, asked Liu Bei Zhuge Liang, Wu said a popular foreign language to communicate with outsiders it is difficult, do you understand English? Zhuge Liang The answer: some knowledge, but I have brought the famous electronic dictionary, built-in 13 Oxford Dictionary of genuine, there are unfamiliar terms glance investigated. Guan Yu is the genuine Oxford it? Liang explained that absolutely genuine celebrities to Oxford University a year to buy tens of millions of copyright, to ensure that punctuation marks are verbatim.

Masters comprehensive upgrade of electronic dictionary

After the Masters in 2006 after the reorganization of public concern again for the hot spots, and cause for concern is the famous series of new product strategy. Summer 2008, all the new generation Oxford Wang Masters S628 new search listing, 598 yuan to one of the ultra-high cost-effective high-end electronic dictionary to break the threshold of the price.

Oxford Search realized S628 series of 5 Wang upgrade to the electronic dictionary industry, a revolution in the true sense of the upgrade. Celebrity design expert, said the global level, the highest-quality electronic products in Japan. Product that is famous in Japan as a standard the industry standard to meet or exceed the Japanese, it is cost-effective product prices, features, content, composed of a composite indicator. Is the consumer products manufacturers with returns. Summer of this year, celebrities through the upgrade to optimize the cost-effective design.

For the consumer, many secondary school students, college students are most interested in the built-in genuine celebrity Oxford dictionary, as well as the Oxford exclusive original MP3 audio pronunciation database. This is the biggest celebrity of the relative advantages of the other competitors, the contents of the authority, standards of pronunciation, to enable buyers to fully experience the electronic dictionary “style experts.”

Masters this year, the popularity of electronic dictionaries is not action within the college students set off a storm, it is in the industry raised the banner of a cost-effective. As industry leaders, celebrities of the electronic dictionary which will carry out a wash trades, a number of poor will withdraw from the corners of the dictionary, consumers will be the ultimate beneficiary of the turmoil.

Right now the market to sell more to the electronic dictionary, said vocabulary, and therefore easily ten thousands, and even vocabulary of 500,000 voices from selling, so that some consumers exciting. Yesterday, one of the industry, told reporters in the vocabulary of electronic dictionaries on the publicity, the companies reported widely used way of imaginary number, the smallest unit is million, insiders called the “million-band.” This means that every time the smallest change will be the “tens of thousands” of.

However, an increase in vocabulary of electronic dictionaries is not an easy task. The insiders have pointed out, when the vocabulary of more than 6-80000, the paper referred to a general dictionary will not be able to fully cover, so the need for a broader scope of the collection of finishing, followed by a large number of entry and proof-reading work, these require manual processing, but also the quality of proof-reading is demanding, this will increase the cost of soft electronic dictionary, and the base the greater the difficulty and cost of expansion will be higher. It is understood that the current market in general, only electronic dictionary 60000-80000’s vocabulary, there is little more than 110000-120000. Up to now, most vocabulary is listed on the two new “wenquxing”, respectively, 295,057 and 377,268. In the hard costs, the increase in vocabulary requirements of the electronic dictionary has more memory, which will also increase the cost. Therefore, currently on the market which claims to have 500,000 of the electronic dictionary vocabulary is simply impossible to exist.

Research institutions in Beijing teaching English textbook series prepared by the step by step, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province Education Electronics Limited (the company step by step) into a dedicated file format for users to download, and these documents available to the agents reproduction, dissemination. Recently, Anhui Province Higher People’s Court of Final Appeal decision and an infringement step by step the company 80,000 yuan compensation.
Beijing Institute of Education Charity (hereinafter referred to Institute of Charity) is a caring and experimental version of the standard textbooks for compulsory education courses “English” series of teaching materials (hereinafter referred to Charity Edition of the “English” materials) of the copyright holder. January 31, 2007, caring for representations Institute came together with the notary Baisheng Hefei Electronics Co., Ltd (hereinafter referred to Hefei Baisheng company) set up a special counter sale of “step by step” of electronic products in Anhui 100 large electrical Chain Store Co., Ltd Garden Street (the 100 largest shops in Fa Yuen Street), with 1398 yuan to buy a “step by step” pass a foreign language electronic dictionary 9288T. In the afternoon, Hefei Baisheng company will be stored in a computer version of the caring, “English” materials involved in the case of documents downloaded to the electronic dictionary. Institute of Charity will be step by step after the company, Hefei Baisheng Corporation, 100 Garden Street shops were great to Hefei Intermediate People’s Court, step by step the company ask the court to order an immediate halt to any form of reproduction, dissemination, such as violations of caring version of “English “teaching materials, textbooks copyright acts tapes, Hefei Baisheng Corporation, 100 Garden Street, shops large related to an immediate halt to violations and requested compensation for the plaintiffs accused the three economic losses 500,000 yuan.
 

Court of First Instance found that the company commissioned by the step by step, Hefei Baisheng to “step by step” to buy electronic dictionary, and users involved in the electronic supplementary reading materials. Represents a large number of these supplementary materials Charity Institute, works for the infringement. Step by step the above-mentioned violations company to promote its electronic dictionary sales, increased profitability, should take to stop infringement, civil liability for damages. Institute as a result of not caring the burden of proof to prove the actual loss suffered by the company law and step by step from the situation, it can not be damaged or infringing the rights of people who profit from the amount of compensation determined by means of infringement. Step by step the Court of First Instance to order the Institute Charity 40,000 yuan compensation for economic losses, Hefei Baisheng download to stop the implementation of acts of infringement. Court of First Instance finds that the largest 100 Fa Yuen Street shop sales, “step by step” 9288T Foreign Language Electronic Dictionary does not involve infringing content, the Institute of caring for 100 Garden Street, shops large claims, the court not to support it.