Leo’s Heaven

September 12, 2009

Language Generation

Filed under: Uncategorized — meetwinter @ 4:45 pm

1. language refers to people by the activities of the organs or hand them to express thoughts say or write it out, talking and writing he includes two forms.The main language production units are: the pauses, syllables, morpheme, words, phrases, sentences.
  2, language production can be divided into distinct phases.Such as construction phase: according to the purpose you sure you want to express thoughts; conversion using thought syntactic rules will be converted to a form of language; execute phase: the information in the form of the language spoken or written out.
  3 why did the adoption of sound language as means?
  The sound is not subject to the restrictions on day and night, better than the spread of vision; language effective distance greater than gestures; adopting sound as a means of labor spoke on each side; sign language, gestures to catch up with the speed of sound; therefore, the propagation of sound as the language of human evolution is taken for granted.

August 24, 2009

The invention of the text

Filed under: Uncategorized, language — meetwinter @ 5:07 pm

For the invention of the text, the ancients more thought to be a great event.The Huainanzi Law said: ChangJie for books and consort, Ghost rainy night crying.” best represents the text of the divine is a symbol, this is the curse of with colloquialism pretty things.A general text is also that the colors on a superstition, there are papers cannot throw, there is to be placed in the “ lung ” labelled container, amass up and burnt.The text inside of course, his mouth cannot say that the name, nor on paper; lowly you’ll have to write, or borrow a sounds like a pen.
  It is estimated that there are approximately 5 600 in the world more than one language, which use more than 100 million of language has 100 or so, more than 5 000 000 and 20 species around.
  Language although you can make the basis of the text, but the language after all is not equal to the text, although the Nations of the scientific community and the religious subsector make great efforts, however, the world has four parts per second language has no corresponding text.
  Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, etc, is the world’s major languages, is also a working language of the United Nations.

April 11, 2009

Vietnamese language

Filed under: Uncategorized — meetwinter @ 4:32 pm

Vietnamese, formerly known under French colonization as Annamese , is the national and official language of Vietnam. It is the mother tongue of the Vietnamese people, who constitute 86% of Vietnam’s population, and of about three million overseas Vietnamese, most of whom live in the United States. It is also spoken as a second language by many ethnic minorities of Vietnam. It is part of the Austroasiatic language family, of which it has the most speakers by a significant margin. Much vocabulary has been borrowed from Chinese, especially words that denote abstract ideas in the same way European languages borrow from Latin and Greek, and it was formerly written using the Chinese writing system, albeit in a modified format and was given vernacular pronunciation. The Vietnamese writing system in use today is an adapted version of the Latin alphabet, with additional diacritics for tones and certain letters.
As the national language of the majority ethnic group, Vietnamese is spoken throughout Vietnam by the Vietnamese people, as well as by ethnic minorities. It is also spoken in overseas Vietnamese communities, most notably in the United States, where it has more than one million speakers and is the seventh most-spoken language. In Australia, it is the sixth most-spoken language.

According to the Ethnologue, Vietnamese is also spoken by substantial numbers of people in Australia, Cambodia, Canada, China, Côte d’Ivoire, Finland, France, Germany, Laos, Martinique, the Netherlands, New Caledonia, Norway, the Philippines, Senegal, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States and Vanuatu.
Vietnamese was identified more than 150 years ago to be part of the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family. Later, Mường was found to be more closely related to Vietnamese than other Mon-Khmer languages, and a Việt-Mường sub-grouping was established. As data on more Mon-Khmer languages was acquired, other minority languages were found to share Việt-Mường characteristics, and the Việt-Mường term was renamed to Vietic. The older term Việt-Mường now refers to a lower sub-grouping consisting of Vietnamese dialects, Mường dialects, and Nguồn.
While spoken by the Vietnamese people for millennia, written Vietnamese did not become the official administrative language of Vietnam until the 20th century. For most of its history, the entity now known as Vietnam used written classical Chinese for governing purposes, whereas written Vietnamese in the form of Chữ nôm was used for poetry and literature. It was also used for administrative purposes during the brief Ho and Tay Son Dynasties. During French colonialism, French superseded Chinese in administration. It was not until independence from France that Vietnamese was used officially. It is the language of instruction in schools and universities and is the language for official business.
Vietnamese, like many languages in Southeast Asia, is an analytic language. Vietnamese does not use morphological marking of case, gender, number or tense.Also like other languages in the region, Vietnamese syntax conforms to Subject Verb Object word order, is head-initial, and has a noun classifier system. Additionally, it is pro-drop, wh-in-situ, and allows verb serialization.

Some Vietnamese sentences with English word glosses and translations are provided below.

April 9, 2009

Cambodia Language

Filed under: Uncategorized — meetwinter @ 3:42 pm

The Kingdom of Cambodia, formerly known as Kampuchea is a country in South East Asia with a population of over 14 million people.The kingdom’s capital and largest city is Phnom Penh. Cambodia is the successor state of the once powerful Hindu and Buddhist Khmer Empire, which ruled most of the Indochinese Peninsula between the 11th and 14th centuries.

A citizen of Cambodia is usually identified as “Cambodian” or “Khmer,” though the latter strictly refers to ethnic Khmers. Most Cambodians are Theravada Buddhists of Khmer extraction, but the country also has a substantial number of predominantly Muslim Cham, as well as ethnic Chinese, Vietnamese and small animist hill tribes.

The country borders Thailand to its west and northwest, Laos to its northeast and Vietnam to its east and southeast. In the south it faces the Gulf of Thailand. The geography of Cambodia is dominated by the Mekong River and the Tonlé Sap, an important source of fish.

Agriculture has long been the most important sector of the Cambodian economy, with around 59% of the population relying on agriculture for their livelihood. Garments, tourism, and construction are also important. In 2007, foreign visitors to Angkor Wat numbered more than 4 million.In 2005, oil and natural gas deposits were found beneath Cambodia’s territorial waters, and once commercial extraction begins in 2011, the oil revenues could profoundly affect Cambodia’s economy.Observers fear much of the revenue could end up in the hands of the political elites if not monitored correctly.
The first evidence of an advanced civilization in present day Cambodia are artificial circular earthworks estimated to be from the 1st millennium BC.[9] During the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries, the Indianised states of Funan and Chenla coalesced in what is now present-day Cambodia and southwestern Vietnam. These states are assumed by most scholars to have been Khmer. For more than 2,000 years, Cambodia absorbed influences from China and India, passing them on to other Southeast Asian civilisations that are now Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.The Khmer Empire flourished in the area from the 9th to the 13th century.Around the 13th century, Theravada Buddhism was introduced to the area through monks from Sri Lanka.From then on Theravada Buddhism grew and eventually became the most popular religion. The Khmer Empire declined yet remained powerful in the region until the 15th century. The empire’s centre of power was Angkor, where a series of capitals was constructed during the empire’s zenith. Angkor could have supported a population of up to one million people.Angkor, the world’s largest pre-industrial civilization, and Angkor Wat, the most famous and best-preserved religious temple at the site, are reminders of Cambodia’s past as a major regional power.
The king is the Supreme Commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces and the country’s prime minister effectively holds the position of commander-in-chief. The introduction of a revised command structure early in 2000 was a key prelude to the reorganisation of the RCAF. This saw the ministry of national defence form three subordinate general departments responsible for logistics and finance, materials and technical services, and defence services. The High Command Headquarters was left unchanged, but the general staff was dismantled and the former will assume responsibility over three autonomous infantry divisions. A joint staff was also formed, responsible for inter-service co-ordination and staff management within HCHQ.

The minister of National Defence is General Tea Banh. Banh has served as defence minister since 1979. The Secretaries of State for Defence are Chay Saing Yun and Por Bun Sreu. In Janury 2009, General Ke Kim Yan was removed from his post as Commander-in-Chief of the RCAF and was replaced by his deputy, Gen. Pol Saroeun, the new Commander-in-Chief of the RCAF, who is a long time loyalist of Prime Minister Hun Sen. There were rumours that Prime Minister Hun Sen had plans to remove Ke Kim Yan from commander of RCAF because of an internal dispute in the CPP. Days later after the news broke out that Yan was being removed, members of the CPP Party said it was a regular reshuffle of the Kingdom’s military leadership and that there are no internal problems within the CPP party. It is expected that Ke Kim Yan will be promoted to Deputy Prime Minister by Hun Sen and will be in charge of anti-drugs trafficking. The Army Commander is General Meas Sophea and the Army Chief of Staff is Chea Saran.

April 3, 2009

Hungarian language

Filed under: Uncategorized — meetwinter @ 3:27 pm

Hungarian is an Uralic language unrelated to most other languages in Europe. It is mainly spoken in Hungary and by the Hungarian minorities in the seven neighbouring countries. The Hungarian name for the language is magyar

There are about 14.5 million native speakers, of whom 9.5–10 million live in modern-day Hungary. A further two million speakers live outside present-day Hungary, but in areas that were part of the Kingdom of Hungary before the Treaty of Trianon . Of these, the largest group lives in Romania, where there are approximately 1.4 million Hungarians. Hungarian-speaking people are also to be found in Slovakia, in Serbia, in Ukraine, in Croatia, in Austria, and in Slovenia, as well as about a million people scattered in other parts of the world. As with many European languages, there are a few hundred thousand speakers of Hungarian in the United States as well.
Hungarian is a Uralic language, more specifically an Ugric language; the most closely related languages are Mansi and Khanty of western Siberia. Connections between the Ugric and Finnic languages were noticed in the 1670s and established, along with the entire Uralic family in 1717, although the classification of Hungarian continued to be a matter of political controversy into the 18th and even 19th centuries. Today the Uralic family is considered one of the best demonstrated large language families, along with Indo-European and Austronesian. The name of Hungary could be a corruption of Ungrian/Ugrian, and the fact that the Eastern Slavs referred to them as Ǫgry/Ǫgrove seemed to confirm that[1]. As to the source of this ethnonym in the Slavic languages, current literature favors the hypothesis that it comes from the name of the Turkic tribe Onogur

There are numerous regular sound correspondences between Hungarian and the other Ugric languages. For example, Hungarian /aː/ corresponds to Khanty /o/ in certain positions, and Hungarian /h/ corresponds to Khanty /x/, while Hungarian final /z/ corresponds to Khanty final /t/. For example, Hungarian ház “house” vs. Khanty xot “house”, and Hungarian száz “hundred” vs. Khanty sot
The distance between the Ugric and Finnic languages is greater, but the correspondences are also regular.

See also: Regular sound correspondences between Hungarian and other Uralic languages
As Uralic linguists claim, Hungarian separated from its closest relatives approximately 3000 years ago, so the history of the language begins around 1000 BC. The Hungarians gradually changed their way of living from settled hunters to nomadic cattle-raising, probably as a result of early contacts with Iranian nomads. Their most important animals included sheep and cattle. There are no written resources on the era, thus only a little is known about it. However, research has revealed some extremely early loanwords, such as szó and daru
Hungarian is the official language of Hungary, and thus an official language of the European Union. Hungarian is also one of the official languages of Vojvodina and an official language of three municipalities in Slovenia: Hodoš, Dobrovnik and Lendava, along with Slovene. Hungarian is officially recognized as a minority or regional language in Austria, Croatia, Romania, Bukovina, Zakarpattia in Ukraine, and Slovakia. In Romania and Slovakia, it is an official language at local level in all communes, towns and municipalities with an ethnic Hungarian population of over 20%.

March 22, 2009

Finnish Language

Filed under: Uncategorized — meetwinter @ 6:19 am

Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. It is one of the official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both standard Finnish and Meänkieli, a Finnish dialect, are spoken. The Kven language, which is closely related to Finnish, is an official minority language in Norway.

Finnish is the eponymous member of the Finno-Ugric language family and is typologically between fusional and agglutinative languages. It modifies and inflects the forms of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and verbs, depending on their roles in the sentence.

Finnish is a member of the Baltic-Finnic subgroup of the Finno-Ugric group of languages which in turn is a member of the Uralic family of languages. The Baltic-Finnic subgroup also includes Estonian and other minority languages spoken around the Baltic Sea.

Finnish demonstrates an affiliation with the Uralic languages in several respects including:

* Shared morphology:

* case suffixes such as genitive -n, partitive -(t)a / -(t)ä (< Uralic *-ta), essive -na / -nä
* plural markers -t and -i-
* possessive suffixes such as 1st person singular -ni (< Uralic *-mi), 2nd person singular -si (< Uralic *-ti).
* various derivational suffixes

* Shared basic vocabulary displaying regular sound correspondences with the other Uralic languages

Several theories exist as to the geographic origin of Finnish and the other Uralic languages, but the most widely held view is that they originated as a Proto-Uralic language somewhere in the boreal forest belt around the Ural Mountains region and/or the bend of the middle Volga. The strong case for Proto-Uralic is supported by common vocabulary with regularities in sound correspondences, as well as by the fact that the Uralic languages have many similarities in structure and grammar.

It has been posited that speakers of a Finno-Ugric language have been living in the region of current Finland since at least 3000 BC. The Finns are more genetically similar to their Indo-European speaking neighbors than to the speakers of the geographically close Finno-Ugric language, Sami. Therefore it has been argued that a native Finnic population absorbed northward migrating Indo-Europeans who adopted the Finnic language, giving rise to the modern Finns.

March 16, 2009

simple happiness, hard to get

Filed under: Uncategorized — meetwinter @ 8:12 am

Happiness is pursued during all of our life, there is a saying by famous russian writer, all happy families are like one another; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
If we can understand that happiness is definitely status, even we can image its shape, decent living conditions, integrate familiy,good friends,intimate lover, it seems that we can easily obtain happiness, at least we have direction—-if we lack of house,cars, then we make enough money to afford them by our endeavor, if we are far from our parents,relatives,then we try to live together by creating necessary environment,if we have no friends, lover, then we do hard to seek of them, we can speak to ourselves we are on the way to happiness even sometimes we are in trouble of something, but is everything we can control?right, we can do whatever we can to live in a wonderful material conditions, even we failed temporary, we still have chances to succeed as long as not giving up, but what about if we lost the most beloved one who will go through whole life with us originally,such as family members? what could we do to fill this deep hole?

Do not be in hurry

Filed under: Uncategorized — meetwinter @ 8:12 am

Do not be in hurry, this shows you feel you are not worthy of a person’s time.

I am shocked by this sentence after reading it, that is because I am very much in so mood when I run into someone, especially this guy is leading light in eyes of most people, I am always think he/she is too busy to talk with me, I need to cut my words to let them free, even worse, I always though of this as a good quality, “be considerate of sb”.

That is totally wrong, why I think his/her time is more precious than mine? why I think my issues is little importmant than others? I am precious, I am wothy of anyone’s time.

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